William Playfair, a Scottish engineer, was the founder of graphical statistics. Besides that signature accomplishment, he was at various times in his life a banker, an accountant, a journalist, an economist, and one of the men to storm the Bastille.
It's difficult to overstate his importance. He was the inventor of the line graph, bar chart, and the pie chart. He also pioneered the use of timelines. You're probably familiar with his work.
Sophie Feytaud, 1841
The marquis de Laplace was pivotal in the development of mathematical astronomy and, most significantly, statistics.
Laplace was one of the first people to propose the existence of black holes. He was one of the central forces behind systematizing probability theory, laying the groundwork for what is now termed Bayesian statistics. He was one of the first to study the speed of sound
Reference: http://www.businessinsider.com/important-mathematicians-modern-world-2012-7?IR=T#david-hilbert-the-patron-saint-of-math-teachers-8
Reference: http://www.businessinsider.com/important-mathematicians-modern-world-2012-7?IR=T#david-hilbert-the-patron-saint-of-math-teachers-8
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